linux设置字符编码

1. 如何在Linux系统实现字符编码转换

Linux下提供了iconv实现这一功能，在Linux 的 shell 环境下，iconv用法如下：
iconv -f fromconde -t tocode
-f： 指定需要转换的文本编码
-t： 指定目标文本编码

我们也可以用 -l 列举出所有已知的字符编码集合

iconv -l

具体用法可以通过帮助函数 iconv --help来详细了解

另外，我们也可以在程序中直接使用该函数实现文本的编码转换

#ifndef __CODE_CONVERTER
#define __CODE_CONVERTER
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <iconv.h>
#endif
class CodeConverter
{
private:
#ifndef WIN32
iconv_t m_cd;
#endif
const char* m_pszFromCode;
const char* m_pszToCode;
public:
CodeConverter()
{
m_pszFromCode = NULL;
m_pszToCode = NULL;
#ifndef WIN32
m_cd = 0;
#endif
}
~CodeConverter()
{
#ifndef WIN32
iconv_close(m_cd);
#endif
}
bool Initialize(const char *pszToCode, const char *pszFromCode);
size_t Convert(char* inBuf, size_t inBytesLeft, char* outBuf, size_t outBytesLen);
};
#endif

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "code_converter.h"
#include <errno.h>
bool CodeConverter::Initialize(const char* pszToCode, const char* pszFromCode)
{
if(pszFromCode == NULL || pszToCode == NULL) return false;
m_pszFromCode = pszFromCode;
m_pszToCode = pszToCode;
#ifndef WIN32
m_cd = iconv_open(m_pszToCode,m_pszFromCode);
if(m_cd == (iconv_t)-1)
{
printf("cannot open iconv descripter\n");
return false;
}
#endif
return true;
}
size_t CodeConverter:: Convert(char* inBuf, size_t inBytesLeft, char* outBuf, size_t outBytesLen)
{
int nRealLen = 0;
#ifdef WIN32
if(stricmp(m_pszFromCode,"UNICODE") == 0)
{
nRealLen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP,0,(PWCHAR)inBuf, inBytesLeft, (PCHAR)outBuf, outBytesLen,NULL,NULL);
}
if(stricmp(m_pszFromCode,"gb2312") == 0)
{
nRealLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,(PCHAR)inBuf,inBytesLeft,(PWCHAR)outBuf, outBytesLen);
}
#else
size_t outBytesLeft = outBytesLen;
size_t ret = 0;
while (1)
{
ret = iconv(m_cd, &inBuf, &inBytesLeft, &outBuf, &outBytesLeft);
if (ret == 0) break;
if (ret == (size_t)-1)
{
printf("iconv error aaa: %s\n",strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
inBuf++; inBytesLeft--;
}
nRealLen = outBytesLen-outBytesLeft;
outBuf[nRealLen]=0;
#endif
return nRealLen;
}